Ruby

The name ruby come from the Latin ruber, meaning "red". In Sanskrit, ruby is known as ratnaraj. "king of precious stone". Many rubies are heat treated to improve their clarity or colour (or both). Rubies tend to be small (stones more than 10 carats are unusual) as the presence of chromium has an inhibiting effect on crystal growth- hence the high value of large rubies. Ruby crystals tend to be hexagonal prisms with tapering or flat ends.





THE DE LONG RUBY

One of the world's great star rubies, the 100.3-carat De Long Star Ruby was discovered in Burma (now Myanmar) in the 1930s. On 29 October 1964, it was stolen, along with a number of other famous stones, in an audacious burglary, later termed the "Great jewel Robbery", inspired by a similar robbery seen in a film by three thieves. Two of them lowered themselves into the museum through an open window, and literally raked the stones out of their display cases. After making an easy getaway, their careless boasting soon let to their arrest, and most of the stones were recovered. The De Long Star Ruby had already passed into other hands, and after extensive negotiations, the payment of a ransom of $25,000 led to its return. Today, security at the museum considerably improved.

Hope Diamond

Weighing 45,52 carats, the hope diamond is an exceedingly rare gemstone. It also has a fascinating and mysterious history.



The hope diamond was probably discovered at the Kollur Mine in the Golconda area of India. Precisely when it was found is not known, bit a French gem merchant, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, sold a 112-carat blue diamond feom India to King Louis XIV of France in 1668. It was recut from its original Indian-style cut ti a 67-carat , more brilliant heart shape in 1675. In 1749, Louis XV had the stone - now known as the French Blue - set into a piece of ceremonial jewellery for the order of the Golden Fleece, a decoration worn only by the King.
During the French Revolution in 1792, the Hope diamond disappeared. Then, in 1812, a London jeweller, John Francillon, noted a 44-carat(45,5 modern metric carats) blue diamond in the possession of London diamond merchant Daniel Eliason. This diamond was probably cut from the French Blue



FROM FRENCH BLUE TO HOPE



The diamond again mysteriously disappeared until 1820 when it was bought by the British King George IV. In the King's possession at the time of his death in 1830, it was purchased by a London banker and gem collector, Henry Philip Hope, whose name it bears today. After Hope's death in 1839, the diamond pass through several hand, until bought in 1909 by Pierre Cartier. He in turn sold it to Evalyn Walsh Mclean in 1910 for $180,000. He told her that the diamond brought badluck to anyone who wore it, but this was probably because she had told him that she felt objects that were badluck for others were goodluck for her. Mrs. McLean wore the Hope Diamond everywhere she went. Two years after her death in 1947, her entire collection of jewellery was purchased by New York Jeweller Harry Winston. On 10 November 1958, he presented the diamond to the Smithsonian Institution as the foundation of a National Gem Collection. It arrived in a plain brown package by registered mail, insured for $1 million. The diamond has remained on continuous exhibition there ever since.

Birthstones

The particular birthstones associated with each month vary from country to country and from one decade to the next. A modern European set of associations is shown here.

Minerals and Gemstone

What are minerals?

Minerals are the stuff of which the Earth's rocks are made. A mineral is defined as naturally occurring solid with a specific chemical composition and a distinctive crystal structure. Minerals are usually formed by inorganic processes, although there are organically produced substances, they are also considered minerals.



What is a gemstone?

The definition of a gemstone is broad : the term can be used to describe any mineral that is highly prized for its beauty, durability, and rarity. A gem is a mineral enchanced in some manner by altering its shape, usually by cutting and polishing. Most gems begin as crystals of minerals, or as aggregates of crystals. A limited number of noncrystalline materials of organic origin are also classified as gemstones , and are usually referred to as organic gems.


Note : Synthetic gems that are grown synthetically are not classified as minerals